It also leads to relaxation and improvement of physical, psychological, and emotional functioning (Cho et al., 2017). On the other hand, inhalation aromatherapy is relatively safe and easy to use (Fismer & Pilkington, 2012 Hassan et al., 2020 Bikmoradi et al., 2015). Also, they are rarely effective against acute and transient sleep disorders (Pagel et al., 2018). However, sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapies have some limitations, as they are costly and require special skills. Non-pharmacological methods, such as sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapies, and aromatherapy, are currently used for the management of sleep disorders (Pagel et al., 2018 Takeda et al., 2017). Use of these drugs also increases drug dependence and rebound insomnia and imposes higher costs on patients (Uzun et al., 2010 Pagel et al., 2018 Bioc et al., 2014 Plasencia et al., 2012 Surinkaew et al., 2011) consequently, it is necessary to use safer methods with minimal complications (Karadag et al., 2017). Although these agents are efficient, they have several side effects, such as rebound anxiety, falls, and respiratory muscle depression (Chen et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2019 Uzun et al., 2010 Pagel et al., 2018). Diazepam and nitrazepam, which belong to the family of benzodiazepines, are the most commonly used drugs (Fismer & Pilkington, 2012). Therefore, improvement of the sleep quality of cardiac patients is one of the most important nursing interventions (Oshvandi et al., 2014).ĭifferent drugs are generally used to treat sleep disorders. Sleep disorder is common in CCU patients due to multiple reasons, such as fear of death, pain, unfavorable odor of the CCU setting, nursing interventions, loss of privacy, noise, and poor lighting (Karadag et al., 2017 Hajibagheri et al., 2014). Therefore, there is a relationship between sleep disorder and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (St-Onge et al., 2016 Grandner, 2017). It can also decrease tissue repair and immunity (Karadag et al., 2017 Oshvandi et al., 2014). Evidence suggests that sleep deprivation in coronary care unit (CCU) patients can lead to increased heart rate and respiratory rate, dysrhythmia, anxiety, and exacerbation of cardiovascular events. In Iran, the prevalence of sleep disorder is estimated at 77% among cardiac patients (Giahi et al., 2016). Statistics show that in the United States, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, 44.1, 30.0, and 53.0% of cardiac patients suffer from sleep disorders, respectively (Banack et al., 2014 Badran et al., 2014). One of the most common problems in cardiac patients is sleep disorder (Karadag et al., 2017 Cho et al., 2017). Therefore, use of this non-pharmacological intervention, as an effective and simple approach, is recommended for cardiac patients. ConclusionĪromatherapy with lavender and peppermint essential oils can improve the sleep quality of cardiac patients. There was a significant difference in the mean score of PSQI in each of the experimental groups before and after the intervention however, the difference was not statistically significant between the experimental groups. The participants completed PSQI before and after the intervention. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In each experimental group, the patients inhaled three drops of lavender and peppermint essential oils, whereas the control group received aromatic distilled water. MethodsĪ total of 105 patients were randomly allocated to three groups of peppermint essential oil, lavender essential oil, and control. This study aimed to compare the effects of aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils on the sleep quality of cardiac patients. Sleep disorder is a critical problem in cardiac patients.
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